中国人的“注册商标” "Trademarks" of the Chinese 序（一） “民族主义”或“种族主义”，在二次大战以来一直被视为带点危险的名词。它们似乎意味着偏见、排外，甚至无休无止的战争杀伐。 Preface (1) Since World War Two "nationalism" and "racialism" have been seen as dangerous words bearing connotations of prejudice, chauvinism and even warmongering. 战后的四十余年来，世界在两大强权的对峙下，却在廿世纪的最后，走向分久必合的趋势。两德统一之外，各种以大洋、地域为基础的经济圈、共熔体等说法甚嚣尘上，其中最有具体行动的，当然包括德国在内，欧洲十二国所组成的欧洲共同体。多年来，他们不断寻求政治、经济统一的可能性，甚至文化政策也要互通有无。 The world has been divided into two camps since 1945, and it is only in these last years of the twentieth century that there has arisen a new tendency to overcome lasting divisions. Apart from the reunification of Germany, there are also a number of spheres of economic cooperation coming into being, the most concrete of which is the single market of the twelve member states of the European Community. The Europeans have been relentlessly pursuing the possibilities of political and economic union for years, and in the field of culture there is also to be much mutual assistance. 在共同体的前提下，欧洲人处心积虑创造未来的共识：汽车上贴着“我爱欧洲”小贴纸，各种增进相互了解的电视节目纷纷出笼。去年，一群来自十二国的历史学者，共聚一堂，打算出版一本前所未有的“欧洲观点的历史教科书。”问题就出来了。 In pursuit of unity, the Europeans have been busy attempting to create some kind o common knowledge, with car stickers proclaiming "I love Europe" and a stream of television programs promoting mutual understanding. Problems arose, however, when a group of historians from the Twelve came together last year to plan a history book written from a "European perspective." 当年差一点就“统一欧洲”的拿破仑，是人人愤慨的野心侵略家或是浪漫运动中的大英雄？为英国打败西班牙无敌舰队的迪瑞克船长，是功勋彪炳的爵士，或是杀人不见血的大海盗？方才统一的德国又如何在两次大战的阴影下，让欧洲人接受他们的历史解释？ 这时候“民族观点”不知不觉的取代了“欧洲观点”，民族性因此又成热门话题。电视节目、报章专栏、专书充满了这样的主题。很显然，英国人拘谨、法国人浪漫、德国人精确... ... 之类的刻板印象，已经满足不了这一波的民族寻根热。 Was Napoleon Bonaparte, once unifier of nearly all Europe, an ambitious expansionist or a hero of the Romantic movement? Was Sir Francis Drake, England's vanquisher of the Spanish Armada, a knight of great distinction or a ruthless pirate? Still under the shadow of two world wars, how could the reunited Germans interpret history in a way that is acceptable to other Europeans? National viewpoints unconsciously came to supplant the "European" point of view, and national characteristics have become the topic of the day on television, in newspaper columns and in books. Such stereotypes as the restrained British, the romantic French and the meticulous Germans are obviously no longer enough to satisfy this fervent searching for the roots of nations. 什么又是中国人呢？ What then are the Chinese?
