【小知识】为什么意大利语的圣诞节是Natale？
Unlike the English word Christmas, there is no explicit mention of Christ, but instead a direct reference to his birth (nascita). Indeed, the etymology of the term Natale can be traced back to Latin Natāle(m), an ellipses of diem natālem Christi (“the day of the birth of Christ”), which in turn comes from the Latin adjective natalis, in the sense of “something concerning birth“.
Some common terms associated with Natale include:
Babbo Natale = Santa Claus (literally ‘Father Christmas’)
l’albero di Natale = Christmas tree
il giorno di Natale = Christmas Day
la vigilia di Natale = Christmas Eve
Buon Natale! = Merry Christmas!
Outside of the Christmas sphere, natale is predominantly used as an adjective meaning “of one’s birth” or “native” as in the terms città natale (hometown), paese natale (native land) and anno natale (birth year). In literary Italian, however, it also refers to “the day of one’s birth” or, in its plural form natali, birth or origin.
原来natale是“出生”有关的意思，耶稣主诞生嘛 
Buon Natale e buone feste a tutti! 
【英语阅读】经典海地菜——油炸大蕉
https://www.savorythoughts.com/bannann-peze-air-fryer-plantains
https://www.chichilicious.com/recipes/fried-plantains-banan-peze
https://loveforhaitianfood.com/recipe/banann-peze-fried-plantains/?v=0b3b97fa6688
keyword: bannann fri, bannann peze
即fried plaintains, pressed plaintains。
亲测用芭蕉尝试的，配小米辣还不错，虽然自己做的只是徒有外表，味道也不一定正宗，但有灵魂！ 
发音不准的可以看看，国际音标对应发音视频和解释发音的网站
https://www.phonetics.expert/access-to-symbols
推荐一个英语翻译软件——Mr. Dialect
https://mr-dialect.com/en-gb/translator
About the translator
Our dialect translator uses the latest artificial intelligence to provide you with precise and authentic dialect translations. Although the translation model is still in the alpha phase, we are constantly working to improve and optimize it.
We are aware that there may still be difficulties in translating from one language into a dialect. We therefore ask for your understanding in the event of any discrepancies in the translation of your text. However, we are confident that our translations will still be of great value to you.
Try it now and discover the diversity of British dialects! We hope you will find our website useful and interesting.
总之是一个基于OpenAI的可以将英语和各相关方言互译的软件。
但是，
康沃尔语是独立语言，不是方言！ 
其实软件的介绍里还有好多其他方言和语言概念混淆的部分。不过，软件本身还是很好用的，亲测过检查了下，准确率还是挺高的。
[查看全文]康沃尔语广播Radyo An Gernewegva第719期2024年11月15日
http://radyo.kernewegva.com/podcast/mp3s/radyo719.mp3
↑点击试听或下载！↑
时长58min
本期节目内容：
Mars is a bit of a gathering in Cornish for chatting, and I love hearing stories from the past. I'm keen on collecting recordings made by Cornish classes; plays, games, derivatives, and more. Keep your eyes peeled, and we can have a chinwag about it.
ON THIS PAGE
- New podcast – Jerry Sethir
- We're eating lovely cake – Nicholas Williams
- Season news
Songs of the season:
- “Way Down the Road” – Simon Glanville
- “Ringin' the Fiddler’s Bell” – Bucca
- “On and Two Twenty” – Asteveryn
- “Don't Skip Out” – James Hawken
- “Sevi's Blessin’ / Hard Rock Miner” – Martha Woods
- “We're Standin’ Strong” – Laurie Huggett
- “Goodbye” – Brenda Wootom and Dick Gendall
- “Tregi's Fest” – System Son Kernow with Jon Mills
- “Oh, Fair One” – Benjad
- “Omwith” – Graham Sandercock
News of the Season
There's offers to build bridges over the A twenty-two to Plusha. You've gotta make one more round trip to the fair now. Well, four twenty-somethings gotta sort themselves.
The Cornish Gathering of Islands Sylvan is performing specially for Scillonian four. Made in the courtyard Piriou in Vietnam. There'll be more outfits with them – call them the Menawethan. The two wonders will be thinking on any other four-hundred twenty-something.
Market Amanen Resrudh is getting in on the action. A teller for stories and folks is making room for lads. They’ve made their old cares in the heart of the place.
Mordardhores of Kernow is raisin' spirits in California. Charlotte Banfield is takin' her part in the Para-Vordhardha of the World. The lady of Druru got the world title in the part "Savla Three".
[查看全文]关于语言书写系统拉丁化/罗马字化的问题讨论
节选转自duome论坛，除了我发的部分以外，还有德国和葡萄牙友人的留言。
-PtolemysXX
ararat-tempest wrote:
I think if a language wanna get attention of the world, it has to be easy to get into, and its written form should be convenient to use.
Neither Chinese nor Japanese are easy to get into yet they enjoy incredible attention ;). Not even English is easy to get into, let alone convenient to use (think about the chaotic spelling)... Easiness is not a criterion for grabbing attention, obviously there are other factors that prevail.
ararat-tempest wrote:
there's nothing wrong with the Arabic alphabets but I do think it's not convenient to use. though these kinds of writing system with final, initial, medial and isolated forms may make a beautiful appearance while writing, it's hard to remember for beginners and might increase the time of learning and mastering.
It is not that bad. If you look from another perspective the Arabic script is based on only few basic patterns (fewer than the Latin alphabet). Once you get a hang of it you then realize how fast you can write it. It's been designed for speed writing. The difficulty of different letter forms at different positions may be compared to capital letters in the Latin alfphabet. Strictly speaking we don't need them (we don't pronounce capital letters differently) and they are an additional burden for the learner.
If it were so bad, the writing systems of languages like Farsi or Urdu for which the Arabic script is less-than-optimal would have been changed long by now. Sticking to the Arabic script has a strong emotional component that also carries a religious message. The romanization reforms of other Turkic speaking nations in the area may be due to the fact that they had already been deprived of that heritage and now want to shed the writing system that might be considered as imposed on them by their oppressor.
I don't want to make any statement which writing system is the best. Let the nations decide themselves what suits them. The author of the article that you quoted puts it nicely:
any reform that isolated from the people will be failed.
And then, quoting another scholar:
some people say we should reform the writing system. I said no and we cannot reform the writing system right now. We cannot treat a nation’s writing system as a joke. We changed the writing system every twenty years.
-Explorer
There have been some attempts to latinize Chinese in the past. In the early 20th century, there was a movement known as the latinxua sin wenz (拉丁化新文字), which advocated for the adoption of a Latin-based phonetic writing system to replace Chinese characters. However, the project was met with resistance from traditionalists and faced practical challenges, leading to its limited implementation.
I understand the reasons for latinizing languages, but if you ask me, I wouldn't want the Chinese characters to disappear. Most of the Chinese people I've met still want to preserve hanzi, although they also acknowledge that they sometimes struggle to remember how to write them correctly. @ararat-tempest As a Chinese native speaker, what do you think will happen in the future?
-我 （ararat-tempest）
the problem is the point of a language learner, or a language researcher, or a culture protector, or a normal person. I'm a language learner and have interests on language research, so I concentrate on "easiness" and care about the writing system. yeah, English isn't easy to get into at the start, and I never say English is easy, but look at Esperanto if you like.
maybe your native language is Arabic script related, so you said that wasn't a big issue. the "easiness" is very personal I'd say, but comparing with the population of Latin script users...
I don't want to make any statement of which writing system is good or bad, they're just what people got used to be after all. this stuff is like art I suppose, people tend to be subjective all the time.
I don't want Chinese characters to disappear either, but the Chinese language can be Latinized. so we can learn from Serbia, let the two writing systems go hand in hand.
but speaking personally, I really hate the traditions which might get in the way of "cultural improvement" (eg. superstitions). well, okay, I totally agree it should be Latinized like Vietnamese! I do have struggle to remember some characters and using Chinese input is a chore I have to say! there are way tooooooooooooooooo many traditionalists in China, and 拉丁化新文字 will be only a dream if these guys are still around, sigh.
my parents said I had already known 1000 Chinese characters when I was only 5 or 6 and was able to read newspapers. but what I thought was, "won't it be better if we use pinyin only and every Latin alphabet has only one sound for Chinese? won't I have more time to learn other stuffs?" no joke, I had that kind of thought in my childhood.
-Explorer
In that case, perhaps Chinese isn't fully latinizable. Any other phonetic transcription system would have the same problem with homophones.
In Chinese there are words that are pronounced exactly the same, even with the same tone. I think this gives rise to some jokes and puns. Maybe our Chinese friends can give us some funny examples .
-我 （ararat-tempest）
I was thinking of this problem last night before I slept. but how about something like this...
use "v" instead of "ü".
use tone letters instead of original pinyin. this would make the input faster. (let me borrow Zhuang's tone letters with the same idea. 阴平, 阳平, 上声, 去声 = h, q, x, z, 轻声 has no tone letter.)
when you meet a homophone, add a number.
every word stands out instead of every character.
use ' to indicate every character in a word.
eg.
张老师喜欢绿色。
章老师喜欢绿色。
pinyin: zhāng lǎo shī xǐ huān lǜ sè.
my idea:
zhangh1 laox'shih xix'huanh lvz'sez.
zhangh2 laox'shih xix'huanh lvz'sez.
people have to remember whether it's 张 - 1 or 章 - 2. so, it's not a fully functional idea.
but I have a plan B.
how about, use the initial consonant of the 部首 to indicate? this wouldn't be a chore to remember.
so, it should be like this,
zhangh-g laox'shih xix'huanh lvz'sez.
zhangh-l laox'shih xix'huanh lvz'sez.
explanation: 张, 弓字旁, 弓 = gōng, so it's "g". 章, 立字旁, 立 = lì, so it's "l".
much better, huh?
所谓的世界上最容易学的语言排名，其实太主观了......
https://www.toutiao.com/article/7212875188784972343
https://www.kaoshibaike.com/494692247.html
人类的一个本质是复读机，但是另一个本质是比较。凡事都要比较一下，凡事都要排个名，仿佛这对于自己精神或肉体有什么改观一样，I don't get it, but I somehow understand.
以前在youtube上看过一些这种语言学习难度排名的视频，今天午休偶然看到了汉语文章中关于这个的排名，不禁让我挠头......
chatgpt排名的这个，很明显是基于印欧语系为母语的人说的，而且实际学过德语的人都知道这语言让人多么头疼！词汇丰富不代表学习简单，the same goes English。荷兰语我学了快1年了，虽然有所谓的V2规则，但是有时候你还是会在使用中放错副词在句子的位置，尽管实际说的时候，当地人可能会理解，但心理没准还是会稍微鄙视你一下呢23333 挪威语“词汇量相对较小”的观点我不知道从何而来，但挪威文学中出现的许多抽象名词与英语相比还是有些“不够直白”但回想起来让人觉得“意味深长”。
考试百科的这个，Frisian有多个分支，我不知道这里说的是哪个，这几个分支的关系不是方言那么简单，可以算作是相对独立的了，而且互相之间mutual intelligibility其实不是很高，不过和英语关系紧密是真的。英语并不是个简单易学的语言，至少它不像马来语、印尼语那么phonetic，即一个字母或diphthong、triphthong之类的对应一个发音，看到生词你还是需要查词典去看准确读音。“大多数语言学家把世界语列为最容易学习的语言”这点没问题，Esperanto的确是最容易学习的语言，但只是“之一”，实际上有比世界语还好学的，但是4小时就学会是完全不可能的，因为你还是需要背单词，外加它有上万的词汇量，所谓的“学会了”是指水平到了C2？四小时顶多让你水平到A2，这还是理想情况。纠正下，那个是“南非荷兰语”而不是“南非语”，南非有11个官方语言呢，从难度上属于比荷兰语简单，比英语稍难，所以说它简单的一定是匈牙利语学多了。另外，认为法语简单的童鞋可以从100楼跳下去了，你是天才，再见。
那么问题来了，到底什么让语言简单易学？通过我在多年来对10+门语言的非系统化学习和每天浏览语法书，我觉得至少要有个关键因素——语法简单到非常合乎逻辑，只需要背单词就行了。只凭这一点，就可以抛开大多数人的投票了，或者说...
自然语言里根本就没有好学的！包括我说简单的马来语/印尼语，因为它们的语法也是在细节上越学越难的，如那一大堆表示不同作用和意义前缀和后缀......但至少没有：格系统（Ugric语言中枪）、奇怪的首辅音变形（Celtic语言中枪）、复杂的名词变复数（威尔士语、罗马尼亚语等中枪）、非phonetic（英语等大多数语言中枪）、非使用拉丁字母（无数语言中枪）、奇怪的量词（汉语、越南语、日语等中枪）、奇怪的数词（威尔士语再中枪，还有那些以20甚至50为基础的）、非主谓宾（大多数Oceanic语言中枪）、连语法书都没法完全说明白只能接近凭感觉体会的介词或助词（英语和法语再中枪）等...
因此，最简单的语言我投票给Lingua Franca Nova、Interlingue Occidental、Interlingua、Globasa，以及有名的Toki Pona，至少上述问题，这些人造语言都没有，还消除了世界语中的复杂因素（比如宾格要在名词后加n这种...），近乎可以做到语法入门后只需要背单词就行了。
但Toki Pona绝对不是最简单的，虽然它连词汇都很有限（核心词汇不到200），但构词上需要你绞尽脑汁一下，毕竟基础词汇有限，在表示一些基础词汇以外词的时候，你就得想怎么考虑了，这个在无形中耗费了你的时间去思考，而不能做到像其他语言一样脱口而出，最后只能提前想，和背单词一样了，这一点反而和Toki Pona的初衷背道而驰，只是单纯地把lexicon化为用少数核心单词组成的“词组”罢了......
Globasa存在和世界语同样的问题——什么都要，意思是它的词汇来源于太多非同语族、同语系的语言了，最后导致“四不像”或只能让少数speaker理解。
所以，Lingua Franca Nova、Interlingue Occidental、Interlingua这三个的理念还是不错的——只针对本土语言是罗曼语族的用户，即理解西法葡意等语言的speaker可以轻松记忆这三个语言的词汇；语法上还简化了本可以没必要有的元素（比如格系统），所以我个人推荐学这三个。或者，如果你懂俄语、乌克兰语、波兰语等那些斯拉夫语族语言的话，可以试试Interslavic，道理同上。
至于针对世界语的用户，我建议你学Ido——简化版的世界语。 
总之，conlang总体上就是比自然语言简单易学，这一点是毋庸置疑的，否则这些conlang就只是用在文艺作品中了。那么请问，Volapük你为什么要这么难呢？ 
语言简介——苏格兰语
转自duome论坛，我发的原帖为英语。
Scots (Scots Leid, Lallans)
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/scots.htm
omniglot page
"The term 'Scots’ is now a generic term which covers every aspect of the language: the language of the medieval makkars and the Scottish Court, the literary Scots which developed after around1700 and all the surviving dialects, such as the speech of Buchan,the Borders and Caithness. Contemporary colloquial Scots is what is left to us of the State Language of Scotland before the Union of the Crowns in 1603......"
——from the book "A Scots Grammar"
personally recommended books used to learn Scots:
A Scots Grammar & Usage by David Purves
Luath Scots Language Learner by L. Colin Wilson
Scoor-oot - A Dictionary of Scots Words and Phrases in Current Use by James A. C. Stevenson with Iseabail MacLeod
Ulster-Scots Language Guides - Spelling and Pronunciation Guide by Ivan Herbison, Philip Robinson, Anne Smyth